Package: iop 0.1.0

iop: Inflated Ordered Probit and Logit Models

Estimation, inference, and quantities of interest for ordered probit and ordered logit models whose outcome contains an inflated category: a single ordered category (bottom, middle, top, or any other) that mixes observations generated by the ordered process with observations generated by a distinct split-population process. Fits the zero-inflated ordered probit of Harris and Zhao (2007) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.01.002> and its middle- and top-inflated extensions (Bagozzi and Mukherjee 2012 <doi:10.1093/pan/mps020>; Bagozzi, Hill, Moore and Mukherjee 2015 <doi:10.1177/0022002713520530>; Bagozzi, Joo and Mukherjee 2024 <doi:10.1093/fpa/orae006>), generalized to an arbitrary inflated category and to the logit link, with optional correlated errors for the probit form, plus the standard ordered probit and logit and their partial proportional-odds (non-parallel) variants on the same footing. Provides analytic, robust, and cluster-robust standard errors, survey weights and offsets, model comparison (Vuong, likelihood-ratio, information criteria), regime-specific predicted probabilities and first differences, simulation for residual diagnostics, and tidy/table-package integration. The likelihood, its gradient, and the bivariate-normal probabilities are implemented in C++.

Authors:Benjamin E. Bagozzi [aut, cre]

iop_0.1.0.tar.gz
iop_0.1.0.zip(r-4.7-x86_64)iop_0.1.0.zip(r-4.7-arm64)iop_0.1.0.zip(r-4.6-x86_64)iop_0.1.0.zip(r-4.6-arm64)iop_0.1.0.zip(r-4.5-x86_64)
iop_0.1.0.tgz(r-4.6-x86_64)iop_0.1.0.tgz(r-4.6-arm64)iop_0.1.0.tgz(r-4.5-x86_64)iop_0.1.0.tgz(r-4.5-arm64)
iop_0.1.0.tar.gz(r-4.7-arm64)iop_0.1.0.tar.gz(r-4.7-x86_64)iop_0.1.0.tar.gz(r-4.6-arm64)iop_0.1.0.tar.gz(r-4.6-x86_64)
iop_0.1.0.tgz(r-4.6-emscripten)
manual.pdf |manual.html✨
DESCRIPTION |NEWS
card.svg |card.png
iop/json (API)

# Install 'iop' in R:
install.packages('iop', repos = c('https://bagozzib.r-universe.dev', 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))

Bug tracker:https://github.com/bagozzib/iop/issues

Pkgdown/docs site:https://bagozzib.github.io

Uses libs:
  • c++– GNU Standard C++ Library v3
Datasets:
  • bp - Political violence, 1976-1996
  • pta - Escape-flexibility provisions in preferential trade agreements
  • repression - State repression of nonviolent campaigns

On CRAN:

Conda:

cpp

5.03 score 27 scripts 396 downloads 20 exports 3 dependencies

Last updated from:c0f0039b7c. Checks:15 OK. Indexed: yes.

TargetResultTimeFilesSyslog
linux-devel-arm64OK190
linux-devel-x86_64OK233
source / vignettesOK270
linux-release-arm64OK174
linux-release-x86_64OK227
macos-release-arm64OK194
macos-release-x86_64OK427
macos-oldrel-arm64OK170
macos-oldrel-x86_64OK496
windows-devel-arm64OK260
windows-devel-x86_64OK355
windows-release-arm64OK268
windows-release-x86_64OK274
windows-oldrel-x86_64OK277
wasm-releaseOK107

Exports:ameclassificationcompare_modelsdiordfirst_differenceinflation_testiolioplr_testmundlakologitoprobitparallel_testpiordqiordranefriopriordsplit_testvuong

Dependencies:MASSnumDerivRcpp

The model, identification, and estimation
The ordered stage | Partial proportional odds | The inflation stage | Correlated errors | Category-specific split equations | Identification | Estimation | Multi-start and the ordered baseline | Boundary cases | Which test for which comparison | Weights, offsets, standard errors | Names in the literature | Validation | References

Last update: 2026-08-22
Started: 2026-08-22

Getting started with iop
The problem | Four estimators, one interface | Zero inflation: political violence | Is the inflation stage needed? | Quantities of interest by regime | Correlated errors | The logit versions | Top inflation: escape-flexibility provisions | Middle inflation: a survey example | Beyond political science: two examples from economics and health | Where next | References

Last update: 2026-08-22
Started: 2026-08-22

Panel data: random intercepts, fixed effects, and the Mundlak device
Cluster-robust standard errors | Random intercepts | Unit fixed effects | The split-panel jackknife | The Mundlak device | The Monte Carlo: which device for which panel | References

Last update: 2026-08-22
Started: 2026-08-22

Predicted probabilities, first differences, and marginal effects
Predicted probabilities | The two types of zeros | Covariate profiles and standard errors | First differences | Average marginal effects | The response distribution: diord, piord, qiord, riord | Regression tables | Classification and accuracy scores | Diagnostics | References

Last update: 2026-08-22
Started: 2026-08-22

Readme and manuals

Help Manual

Help pageTopics
iop: Inflated Ordered Probit and Logit Modelsiop-package
Average marginal effectsame
Augment data with fitted classes and regime probabilities (broom method)augment.iord
Political violence, 1976-1996 (Besley and Persson 2009)bp
Classification table and accuracy scoresclassification
Side-by-side fit statistics for ordered / inflated ordered modelscompare_models
Confidence intervals for an ordered / inflated ordered fitconfint.iord
First differences in predicted probabilitiesfirst_difference
Glance at an ordered / inflated ordered fit (broom method)glance.iord
Inflated ordered probit and inflated ordered logit regressioninflated iol iop
Test for category inflationinflation_test
Distribution functions of the (inflated) ordered responsediord iord-distribution piord qiord riord
Likelihood-ratio test for nested ordered / inflated ordered fitslr_test
Mundlak (correlated random effects) devicemundlak
Ordered probit and ordered logit regressionologit oprobit ordered
Likelihood-ratio tests of the parallel-regression assumptionparallel_test
Plot first differences or average marginal effectsplot.iop_ame plot.iop_fd
Predictions from an ordered / inflated ordered fitpredict.iord
Escape-flexibility provisions in preferential trade agreementspta
Empirical-Bayes unit effects of a random-intercept fitranef ranef.iord
State repression of nonviolent campaignsrepression
Residuals for ordered / inflated ordered fitsresiduals.iord
Simulate data from an (inflated) ordered probit or logit processriop
Simulate responses from a fitted ordered / inflated ordered modelsimulate.iord
Test of a common versus category-specific split equationsplit_test
Summarize an ordered / inflated ordered fitsummary.iord
Tidy an ordered / inflated ordered fit (broom method)tidy.iord
Update and refit an iord modelupdate.iord
Covariance matrix of an ordered / inflated ordered fitvcov.iord
Vuong test for non-nested (or boundary-nested) model comparisonvuong